Feed enzymes are enzyme substances added to feed in order to improve the digestion and utilization of feed by animals, or to improve the metabolic efficiency of animals. They not only save energy and improve efficiency, but also make the meat, eggs, and milk we eat and drink in our daily lives healthier and more nutritious. Feed enzymes began industrial production and application in China in the late 1980s, and they have made enormous contributions to the development of the feed industry. Due to the complexity of feed raw materials, more commonly used in feed industry production are compound enzyme preparations, which are products containing two or more single enzymes.
Non-starch polysaccharides such as xylan, β-glucan, cellulose, etc., are difficult for animals (especially monogastric animals) to digest and absorb. They are components of plant cell walls and can increase the viscosity of chyme in the digestive tract, leading to a decrease in the digestibility of nutrients in the diet and in feeding efficiency, limiting the application of grains in feed. Enzymes such as xylanase and β-glucanase can break down non-starch polysaccharides and eliminate their anti-nutritional effects. Phytase enzyme can eliminate the anti-nutritional effects of phytic acid and improve the utilization of phosphorus.
The phenomenon of insufficient secretion of endogenous enzymes such as protease and amylase in animals is very evident in young animals and animals in sub-healthy states such as stress and disease: indigestion and a series of decreased productivity performance, such as diarrhea in weaned piglets. The targeted addition of exogenous enzymes will effectively solve the problems that arise.
The addition of compound enzymes can reduce the amount of excrement from livestock and poultry. Poultry enzymes improve the utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus in feed, reducing the nitrogen and phosphorus content in feces and urine. This directly reduces the concentration of harmful gases in the animal shed, reduces the incidence of respiratory diseases in livestock and poultry, and other diseases caused by poor environments.
Whether in terms of production level or quality discrimination ability, there has been a significant improvement compared to the past. However, due to the complexity of feed enzymes, there are still many issues that need to be explored. For example, there is no uniform method for the analysis of enzyme activity in feed enzymes, and storage, use, quality evaluation, further development, etc. of feed enzymes need further research.
In conclusion, the use of poultry enzymes in the feed industry can improve the production performance of livestock and poultry, reduce feed formulation costs, stabilize the quality of compound feeds, make feed formulation adjustments more flexible, use more unconventional feed resources, reduce environmental pollution, use fewer or no antibiotics in the animal breeding process, allow us to enjoy healthy meat, eggs, and dairy products, improve feed conversion rates, and effectively use unconventional raw materials, saving food.
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